Energy–Efficient Communication Protocols For Massive Machine-Type Communications (MMTC)

Abstract

A foundational component of next-generation wireless networks. Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) allows billions of devices to be connected with little to no human interaction, making it ideal for the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Particularly in reaching energy efficiency without sacrificing network performance, the dramatic increase in device density and traffic volume presents significant difficulties. This work examines the evolution of energy-efficient communication protocols tailored for mMTC conditions. Examining current systems, including NB-IoT, LoRa, and Sigfox, holistically helps one understand their strengths and constraints regarding energy consumption, scalability, and dependability. Building on these observations, we offer an adaptive, energyaware communication architecture encompassing sleep scheduling, data aggregation, and dynamic resource allocation techniques. Simulation-based assessments reveal that the proposed protocol minimizes energy usage while ensuring reliable communication, especially in ultra-dense network situations. The work advances scalable, environmentally friendly mMTC solutions for future intelligent environments.