Impact Of Electromagnetic Fields On Cellular Communication Systems In High-Density Urban Environments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31838/NJAP/07.03.29Keywords:
Electromagnetic Fields, Cellular Communication, Urban Environment, 5G Networks, Signal Degradation, Multipath Propagation, Electromagnetic InterferenceAbstract
The increase of mobile communication infrastructure within a city due to its large population leads to a higher electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, which is a serious threat to the signal integrity, health, system performance, etc., and can additionally impact many other aspects of common concern. In this context, the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by human and natural atmospheric sources on cellular network performance are under investigation. We conduct field measurements, numerical simulations, and analytical characterizations to assess signal-to-interference ratio degradation and energy consumption in 4G LTE and emerging 5G systems. Further emphasis is placed on urban electromagnetic noise, multipath propagation, and the effects of building scattering on urban stress models. Space at high densities in cities imposes strong constraints on the reliability of modern mobile communication systems, leading to spontaneous call drops, high latency, and increased battery consumption. Furthermore, communication robustness methods, such as adaptive beamforming, EM shielding techniques, selective angular clutter cancellation, and advanced modulation schemes, are applied in the study to improve the overall performance of the networks. The solutions enable mobile operators, urban designers, and city planners to plan infrastructure for advanced smart city mobile communication networks, with detailed information on electromagnetic (EM) stresses.
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