Wave Propagation in Metamaterial Enhanced Biological Tissues and EM Tissue Interaction at Microwave Frequencies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31838/NJAP/07.03.31Keywords:
Metamaterials, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Biological Tissues, Microwave Frequencies, EM–Tissue Interaction, Specific Absorption Rate, Biomedical ApplicationsAbstract
Biomedical engineers are now taking a close interest in the interactions of electromagnetic waves, especially those in the microwave range with living tissues, since these interactions can enable the development of new diagnostic and treatment devices. This paper discusses how incorporating purposely designed metamaterials within or on the surface of tissue can deepen control over wave penetration, direction, and localization. Due to their small scale — often smaller than the wavelength and their potential for negative permittivity or permeability, metamaterials are strategically positioned to control essential processes, including reflection, absorption, and transmission. It has been developed to form a multiscale computational method linking tissue properties to those of a metamaterial, which can be used to model microwave fields at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The model integrates the effective-medium theory, using a full-flow solver to quantify the variation in the local dielectric constant and to map the specific absorption rate (SAR) across each tissue layer. The simulations show that metamaterials improve impedance matching and convert confined energy to particular volumes, leading to more sensitive, targeted hyperthermia and a new type of biosensor. And, more to the point, the study does not overlook safety; it compares the increase in temperature to the risk levels established by regulatory agencies. To conclude, the results show that meta-materials engineered in the microwave framework can enhance wave-tissue interaction, paving the way for the next wave of medical devices and practices.
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