Spread Spectrum Communication Techniques for Interference-Resilient Data Transmission in Massive IoT Environments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31838/NJAP/07.03.15Keywords:
Massive IoT, Spread Spectrum, DSSS, FHSS, CSS, Interference Resilience, BER, LPWAN, LoRaAbstract
The Massive Internet of Things (IoT) has presented a new set of stressing issues connected to spectrum congestion, interference among the co-channel, and reliability of communications. The paper assesses the efficacy of Spread Spectrum Communication (SSC) methods professedly Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) in improving resistance to interference in high-density IoT-based systems to maximize the delivery of data reliably. To do that, a simulation framework is created in MATLAB to compare these techniques in an environment where an ISM-band is used, where key performance metrics will be compared, including bit error rate (BER), spectral efficiency, jamming resistance, and scalability between device densities of 10 and 10,000 nodes. It is observed that CSS can provide more than 60% lower BER compared to a DSSS at SNR-10 dB indicating a better robustness in low-SNR and high density interference environment. The DSSS is ideal in situations where latency is critical whereas FHSS is very efficient in frequency-agile and jam-prone operations. Besides the performance data, this paper also discusses implementation considerations, including hardware compatibility, synchronization overhead, and energy consumption per bit that are important to discuss since they critically determine the feasibility of large-scale IoT deployment. The analysis yields practical guidelines in terms of choosing the best possible SSC methods dependent on the restrictions to deployment including node density, channel conditions and energy budget. The results are related to the development of scalable, interference-resistant, and energy-efficient communication protocols of the future generation IoT systems in smart cities, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring networks of the scale.
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