Development of a Multiscale Computational Framework for Modelling Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous Media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31838/NJAP/07.02.26Keywords:
Multiscale Modelling, Electromagnetic Waves, Heterogeneous Media, FDTD, Homogenization, Wave Propagation, Computational ElectromagneticsAbstract
Accurate modelling of wave propagation in heterogeneous and multiscale media is crucial for applications ranging from geophysical exploration to the design of advanced electromagnetic devices. This study develops a multiscale framework that integrates homogenization techniques, hp-adaptive finite element methods (FEM), and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to capture fine-scale heterogeneities without prohibitive computational cost efficiently. The framework is validated on layered and random heterogeneous media, showing that deviations between the multiscale model and experimental measurements remain within 5%, while reducing computational time by up to 60% compared to conventional FEM. Beyond canonical wave propagation tests, the methodology is extended to antenna modelling, where strong local field singularities near feeds and slots coexist with large-scale radiation patterns. By combining homogenization for substrates with adaptive refinement at feed regions, the proposed method accurately predicts return loss (S11), radiation efficiency, and far-field patterns for heterogeneous-substrate patch antennas. This demonstrates the framework’s suitability for both fundamental multiscale wave physics and practical antenna engineering applications, including metamaterial-inspired antennas, biomedical implants, and 5G/6G wireless communication systems.
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