A Proposed Spectral Clustering Method for Wireless Sensor Networks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31838/NJAP/07.02.25Keywords:
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Spectral Clustering, Cluster Formation, Energy Efficiency, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)Abstract
In this paper, a propagation-sensitive spectral clustering algorithm is introduced to support the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to improve energy use, stability, and connectivity. The following method is based on the communication radius calculated using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-based link budgets at frequencies of 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz, path-loss, shadowing, and small-scale fading in LOS and NLOS conditions. The approach combines the concept of wireless power transfer (WPT) that considers the models of rectenna-based energy harvesting during the cluster-head (CH) selection procedure. CHs are assigned nodes with a greater potential of harvested energy and consistent propagation connections to guarantee a balanced power usage and a long network life. The algorithm fades in and fades out the clustering according to the reliability of the links and energy sustainability and ensures a strong inter-cluster communication as well as CH to base-station communication. The simulation and co-simulation experiments with NetLogo, CST/HFSS, and ray-based propagation models prove that there is a great enhancement in the packet reception rate (PRR), low outage probability, and longer lifetime than the LEACH and the K-means-EE protocols. The proposed model is an efficient combination of spectral clustering, propagation- and energy-awares criteria that offers a convenient solution to a next-generation low-power WSN application.
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