Efficient Deployment of Roadside Units in Vehicular Networks Using Optimization Methods
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31838/NJAP/07.02.23Keywords:
Roadside Units, Vehicular Networks, Optimization Methods ,Antenna Placement, Propagation Modeling, Metaheuristic Optimization.Abstract
As the number of smart vehicles with advanced communication capabilities increases, the deployment of Roadside Unit (RSU) becomes particularly important in the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In this work, we take on the difficult problem of placing RSUs on the intersections on the roads so as to achieve maximum possible coverage on urban areas while minimizing signal overlap, an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem due to the exponential solution space. To dealing with limitations of the exhaustive search algorithms, a novel metaheuristic method, called the Coverage-Oriented Multi-Zone Crossover Genetic Algorithm(COMZC-GA) is proposed in this paper. This smart GA has been engineered to optimally determine the minimum number of RSUs and their possible locations. This study extends beyond simple coverage optimization by integrating an analysis of antenna characteristics and radio wave propagation phenomena, clarifying how physical layer constraints fundamentally interact with network topology. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of performance metrics, including Packet delivery ratio (PDR) and end-to- end delay, its capacity of achieving high coverage rates with less overlapping zones. By investigating a complex problem model, considering chromosome structure and a multi-objective fitness function, the optimization algorithm shows its potential on attaining higher network performance and cost-effectiveness in comparison with traditional deployment schemes.
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